Psoriasis is a common chronic skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. If you’re dealing with this uncomfortable and often irritating condition, you’re probably wondering which treatment options are the most effective. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at some of the most promising methods for managing psoriasis symptoms, allowing you to make an informed decision about your own treatment journey. From topical creams to phototherapy, let’s explore the various therapeutic approaches that offer relief and improved quality of life for those living with psoriasis.
Topical Treatments
Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. If you’re dealing with this condition, you’re likely wondering what the best treatment option is for you. With so many different treatments available, it can be overwhelming to determine which one is right for you. In this article, we will explore various psoriasis treatments, ranging from topical medications to lifestyle changes, complementary therapies, and emerging treatments.
Corticosteroids
One of the most commonly prescribed topical treatments for psoriasis is corticosteroids. These medications work by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system’s response, which can help to alleviate the symptoms associated with psoriasis. Corticosteroids come in different strengths, ranging from mild to potent, depending on the severity of your condition. They can be applied directly to the affected areas of your skin and are available in various forms, including creams, ointments, gels, lotions, and foams.
Vitamin D Analogues
Another effective topical treatment option for psoriasis is vitamin D analogues. These medications, such as calcipotriene, work by slowing down the excessive growth of skin cells associated with psoriasis. Vitamin D analogues can be used alone or in combination with other treatments, such as corticosteroids. They are available in different forms, including creams, ointments, and solutions, and are usually applied once or twice daily.
Coal Tar
Coal tar has been used for many years to treat psoriasis due to its ability to reduce itching, inflammation, and scaling. It works by slowing down the growth of skin cells and improving the overall appearance of psoriatic lesions. Coal tar is available in various forms, including shampoos, creams, ointments, and bath oils. It is important to note that coal tar can stain clothing and bedding, so it is recommended to use it at nighttime and cover the treated areas with clothing or a bandage.
Salicylic Acid
Salicylic acid is often used in conjunction with other topical treatments to help remove scales and reduce itching. It works by softening the skin and promoting the shedding of dead skin cells. Salicylic acid is available over-the-counter in shampoos, creams, gels, and ointments. It is important to follow the instructions provided and avoid using excessive amounts to prevent skin irritation.
Topical Retinoids
Topical retinoids, such as tazarotene, are derived from vitamin A and can help to normalize the growth of skin cells associated with psoriasis. They can improve the appearance of psoriatic plaques by reducing redness, scaling, and thickness. Topical retinoids are typically applied once daily in the form of creams or gels. It is important to note that these medications can increase sun sensitivity, so it is crucial to protect your skin with sunscreen or clothing when exposed to sunlight.
Oral Medications
In some cases, topical treatments may not be enough to manage psoriasis effectively. Oral medications are another option that can be considered for more severe cases or when topical treatments are not sufficient.
Methotrexate
Methotrexate is an oral medication that works by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. It is commonly used for the treatment of psoriasis and can help to improve skin symptoms, including redness, scaling, and thickness. Methotrexate is usually taken once a week and requires regular monitoring of liver function and blood counts due to potential side effects.
Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant medication that can be prescribed for severe cases of psoriasis that have not responded to other treatments. It works by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. Cyclosporine is generally used for a short period due to potential side effects, such as kidney damage and high blood pressure. Regular monitoring is essential when taking this medication.
Acitretin
Acitretin is a retinoid medication that can be taken orally to treat severe psoriasis. It works by reducing the production of skin cells and decreasing inflammation. Acitretin is typically used for long-term maintenance therapy and requires caution in women of childbearing potential, as it can cause birth defects. It requires regular monitoring of liver function and blood lipid levels.
Apremilast
Apremilast is a newer oral medication that works by targeting specific enzymes involved in the inflammatory response. It can help to reduce symptoms such as redness, scaling, and thickness of psoriatic plaques. Apremilast is taken twice daily and does not require routine lab monitoring.
Biologic Drugs
Biologic drugs are a newer class of medications that have revolutionized the treatment of psoriasis. These medications are derived from living organisms and target specific parts of the immune system involved in psoriasis.
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors
TNF inhibitors, such as adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab, are biologic drugs that work by blocking the action of a protein called tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). TNF plays a significant role in the immune response and inflammation associated with psoriasis. By inhibiting TNF, these medications can significantly improve the symptoms of psoriasis, including redness, scaling, and joint pain. TNF inhibitors are usually administered by injection and require regular monitoring for potential side effects.
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) Inhibitors
IL-17 inhibitors, such as secukinumab and ixekizumab, target a specific protein called interleukin-17 (IL-17), which plays a crucial role in the development of psoriatic plaques. By blocking IL-17, these medications can help to reduce inflammation and improve symptoms associated with psoriasis. IL-17 inhibitors are administered by injection and require regular monitoring.
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) Inhibitors
IL-23 inhibitors, such as guselkumab and risankizumab, work by targeting a protein called interleukin-23 (IL-23), which is involved in the immune response and inflammation associated with psoriasis. These medications can significantly improve the signs and symptoms of psoriasis, including redness, scaling, and thickness of plaques. IL-23 inhibitors are administered by injection and require regular monitoring.
Light Therapy
Light therapy, also known as phototherapy, involves exposing the skin to specific wavelengths of light to help treat psoriasis. This treatment option can be beneficial for individuals who have not responded well to other forms of treatment or have extensive areas of involvement.
UVB Phototherapy
UVB phototherapy involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) light, which can help slow the growth of skin cells and reduce inflammation associated with psoriasis. This treatment is typically done in a medical setting using a special light booth or handheld device. UVB phototherapy can be performed as a stand-alone treatment or in combination with other therapies, such as topical medications or systemic treatments.
PUVA (Psoralen plus Ultraviolet A) Therapy
PUVA therapy combines the use of a medication called psoralen with ultraviolet A (UVA) light exposure. Psoralen makes the skin more sensitive to UVA light, allowing for a more effective treatment. PUVA therapy can be administered orally or topically, depending on the individual’s needs. This treatment is usually done in a medical setting and requires regular monitoring due to potential side effects, such as increased sun sensitivity and an increased risk of skin cancer.
Excimer Laser
Excimer laser therapy is a targeted form of phototherapy that delivers ultraviolet light directly to the affected areas of the skin. This treatment option can be particularly useful in treating smaller, localized plaques of psoriasis. Excimer laser therapy is typically performed in a medical setting and may require multiple treatment sessions for optimal results.
Systemic Treatments
When psoriasis is severe or does not respond well to other forms of treatment, systemic medications may be considered. These medications work throughout the body to reduce the immune response and inflammation associated with psoriasis.
Retinoids
Systemic retinoids, such as acitretin, can be taken orally to help treat severe cases of psoriasis. These medications work by reducing the production of skin cells and decreasing inflammation. Systemic retinoids typically require regular monitoring of liver function and blood lipid levels.
Immunomodulatory Drugs
Immunomodulatory drugs, such as methotrexate and cyclosporine, can be taken orally to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation. These medications are often used when other treatments have not been effective in controlling psoriasis symptoms. Regular monitoring of liver function, blood counts, and kidney function is necessary when using these medications.
Methotrexate
Methotrexate, in addition to being used as a topical treatment, can also be taken orally as a systemic treatment for psoriasis. It works by slowing down the growth of skin cells and reducing inflammation. Methotrexate requires regular monitoring of liver function and blood counts due to potential side effects.
Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant medication that can be taken orally for severe cases of psoriasis. It works by suppressing the immune response and reducing inflammation. Cyclosporine is usually used for short periods due to potential side effects, such as kidney damage and high blood pressure. Regular monitoring is essential when taking this medication.
Biologics
Biologic drugs, as mentioned earlier, can be used as systemic treatments for psoriasis. These medications work by targeting specific parts of the immune system involved in psoriasis and can significantly improve symptoms. Biologics, such as TNF inhibitors, IL-17 inhibitors, and IL-23 inhibitors, require regular monitoring and are typically administered by injection.
Alternative Therapies
In addition to conventional medical treatments, many people with psoriasis explore alternative therapies to help manage their condition. While these therapies may not have extensive scientific evidence to support their effectiveness, some individuals find them helpful in conjunction with other treatment methods.
Aloe Vera
Aloe vera is a plant that has been used for centuries for its soothing properties. It is commonly used in topical products to help moisturize and soothe the skin. While there is limited scientific evidence to support its benefits specifically for psoriasis, some individuals find aloe vera gel or creams helpful in reducing redness and itching.
Fish Oil Supplements
Fish oil supplements, which contain omega-3 fatty acids, are often touted for their anti-inflammatory properties. While more research is needed to determine their specific benefits for psoriasis, some studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce inflammation associated with the condition. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any supplements to ensure safety and discuss potential interactions with other medications.
Turmeric
Turmeric is a spice commonly used in cooking, known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Some individuals use turmeric topically or take it as a supplement to help manage psoriasis symptoms. While more research is needed to evaluate its effectiveness specifically for psoriasis, turmeric has shown promise in reducing inflammation in other conditions.
Dead Sea Salts
Bathing in Dead Sea salts, which contain a high concentration of minerals, is a popular therapy for individuals with psoriasis. The salts can help to remove scales and soothe the skin. Some studies suggest that bathing in Dead Sea salts may help improve psoriasis symptoms, but more research is needed to confirm its benefits.
Oatmeal Bath
Taking an oatmeal bath can help soothe itchy and inflamed skin associated with psoriasis. The natural properties of oatmeal can help to moisturize and calm the skin. It is important to avoid using scented or perfumed bath products, as they can irritate the skin.
Lifestyle Changes
In addition to medication and alternative therapies, certain lifestyle changes can help manage psoriasis symptoms and reduce flare-ups.
Moisturizing
Moisturizing is essential for individuals with psoriasis, as dry skin can worsen symptoms. Regularly applying a moisturizer can help to lock in moisture and prevent excessive dryness and scaling. Opt for fragrance-free moisturizers that are formulated for sensitive skin.
Avoiding Triggers
Identifying and avoiding triggers that worsen your psoriasis symptoms is crucial in managing the condition. Triggers can vary from person to person but may include stress, certain foods, environmental factors, or even weather conditions. Keeping a journal to track potential triggers can help you identify patterns and make necessary lifestyle adjustments.
Using Mild Soaps and Shampoos
Using mild, fragrance-free soaps and shampoos can help prevent irritation and dryness of the skin and scalp. Look for products that are formulated for sensitive or psoriasis-prone skin.
Stress Management
Stress is known to trigger or worsen psoriasis flare-ups in many individuals. Incorporating stress management techniques into your daily routine, such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or engaging in hobbies that bring you joy, can help reduce stress levels and potentially improve your psoriasis symptoms.
Dietary Considerations
While diet alone cannot cure psoriasis, certain dietary considerations may help manage symptoms and improve overall skin health. It is important to note that dietary changes should be discussed with a healthcare professional and should not replace medical treatment.
Anti-inflammatory Foods
Including anti-inflammatory foods in your diet may help reduce inflammation associated with psoriasis. These foods include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fatty fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids (such as salmon), nuts, and seeds.
Gluten-free Diet
Some individuals with psoriasis may find relief by following a gluten-free diet. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, and some individuals may be sensitive to it. Discussing the potential benefits of a gluten-free diet with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian is recommended.
Low-glycemic Index Diet
A low-glycemic index (GI) diet focuses on consuming carbohydrates that do not cause a significant increase in blood sugar levels. Some studies suggest that following a low-GI diet may help improve psoriasis symptoms. This diet includes foods such as whole grains, legumes, and most fruits and vegetables while limiting processed and refined carbohydrates.
Complementary Therapies
Complementary therapies can be used in conjunction with conventional treatments to help manage psoriasis symptoms. These therapies focus on promoting relaxation and overall well-being.
Acupuncture
Acupuncture involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to help relieve pain and promote healing. Some individuals with psoriasis report improvements in their symptoms after acupuncture sessions. It is essential to seek treatment from a qualified and experienced acupuncturist.
Meditation
Meditation involves the practice of focusing your mind and finding inner peace. It can help to reduce stress levels and potentially improve psoriasis symptoms. Guided meditation apps or classes can be helpful for beginners.
Yoga
Yoga combines physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation to promote overall well-being. Regular yoga practice may help reduce stress and improve flexibility and joint mobility, which can be beneficial for individuals with psoriasis.
Tai Chi
Tai Chi is an ancient Chinese martial art that focuses on slow, controlled movements and deep breathing. It promotes relaxation, balance, and flexibility, which can be beneficial for individuals with psoriasis. Tai Chi classes are widely available and suitable for people of all fitness levels.
Massage Therapy
Massage therapy involves manipulating the body’s soft tissues to promote relaxation and relieve muscle tension. Some individuals with psoriasis find massage therapy helpful in reducing stress and improving overall well-being. It is important to communicate your condition and concerns with your massage therapist to ensure they provide a safe and comfortable experience.
Clinical Trials and Emerging Treatments
Clinical trials and emerging treatments offer hope for individuals with psoriasis who have not found relief with existing treatment options. These treatments are still being researched and may not be widely available yet.
New Biologics
Continual research and development of biologic drugs have led to the discovery of new medications that target specific parts of the immune system involved in psoriasis. These newer biologics may prove to be more effective or have fewer side effects than current treatment options. However, further research is needed to evaluate their safety and efficacy.
Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors
JAK inhibitors are a class of medications that work by blocking certain enzymes involved in the immune response. They are being investigated as a potential treatment for psoriasis and have shown promising results in clinical trials. JAK inhibitors may offer a new option for individuals with psoriasis who have not responded well to other treatments.
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) Inhibitors
PDE-4 inhibitors are another class of medications being investigated for the treatment of psoriasis. These medications work by targeting an enzyme called phosphodiesterase-4, which is involved in the inflammatory response. Clinical trials have shown that PDE-4 inhibitors can significantly improve psoriasis symptoms.
In conclusion, the best treatment for psoriasis varies from person to person. It is crucial to work closely with a healthcare professional to determine the most suitable treatment plan for your specific condition and needs. Whether you opt for topical treatments, oral medications, biologics, light therapy, systemic treatments, alternative therapies, lifestyle changes, dietary considerations, or explore emerging treatments, the goal is to find a personalized approach that helps manage your psoriasis symptoms and improve your quality of life. Remember, you are not alone in this journey, and there are numerous treatment options available to support you on your path to healthier skin.