Psoriasis affects millions of people worldwide, causing uncomfortable and often painful red patches on the skin. If you’re someone who’s been dealing with the challenges of this chronic autoimmune disease, you’re likely searching for effective treatment options. In this article, we will guide you through different treatment options for psoriasis, helping you gain a better understanding of what may work best for you and provide you with the relief you deserve. From topical creams to light therapy, we’ve got you covered with the latest information and insights. So, let’s explore the possibilities together and find the treatment plan that’s right for you.
Topical Treatments
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are one of the most commonly prescribed medications for the treatment of psoriasis. These topical creams or ointments contain corticosteroids, which help to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. They are effective in relieving itching and reducing redness and scaling associated with psoriasis. However, long-term use of corticosteroids can lead to thinning of the skin, so it is important to use them under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
Vitamin D analogues
Vitamin D analogues, such as calcipotriene, are synthetic forms of vitamin D that can be applied topically to treat psoriasis. These medications work by slowing down the growth of skin cells, reducing inflammation, and helping to normalize the skin cell turnover. They are often used in combination with corticosteroids for better results. Vitamin D analogues are usually well-tolerated and can be used for long-term maintenance therapy.
Retinoids
Retinoids, such as tazarotene, are derived from vitamin A and work by regulating the growth of skin cells. They are available in topical formulations and can be used to treat mild to moderate psoriasis. Retinoids are particularly effective in reducing scaling and thickening of the skin. However, they can cause skin irritation and should be used with caution, especially in individuals with sensitive skin.
Calcineurin inhibitors
Calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, are medications commonly used to treat eczema, but they can also be effective in the treatment of psoriasis. These medications work by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. Calcineurin inhibitors are generally well-tolerated and can be used in sensitive areas like the face and genital areas where other treatments may be too harsh.
Systemic Medications
Methotrexate
Methotrexate is an oral medication that can be used to treat moderate to severe psoriasis. It works by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. Methotrexate may be prescribed as a once-weekly dose or in divided doses throughout the week. Regular monitoring of blood tests is necessary to check for any potential side effects, as this medication can affect liver function.
Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant that can be used to treat severe psoriasis. It works by suppressing the immune system, thereby reducing inflammation and slowing down the growth of skin cells. Cyclosporine is usually prescribed for short-term use due to potential side effects on kidney function and blood pressure. Regular monitoring is required while taking this medication.
Acitretin
Acitretin is an oral retinoid medication that can be used to treat severe psoriasis. It works by slowing down the growth of skin cells and reducing inflammation. Acitretin is particularly effective in treating pustular and erythrodermic psoriasis. Women of childbearing age should be aware that this medication can cause severe birth defects, and strict contraceptive measures should be taken during treatment and for a certain period of time after discontinuation.
Apremilast
Apremilast is an oral medication that works by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme involved in the immune response. It can be used to treat moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Apremilast is generally well-tolerated and can be used as a long-term maintenance therapy. It is important to follow the dosage instructions carefully, as the medication needs some time to build up in the body to be effective.
Biologic agents
Biologic agents are a newer class of medications that target specific molecules involved in the immune response. These medications, including TNF inhibitors, IL-17 inhibitors, IL-23 inhibitors, IL-12/23 inhibitors, and PDE4 inhibitors, can be used to treat moderate to severe psoriasis. Biologics are usually administered through injections or infusions and can provide significant improvement in symptoms. However, they may increase the risk of infections and require regular monitoring.
Phototherapy
UVB Phototherapy
UVB phototherapy involves exposing the affected skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) light. This treatment can be performed in a controlled medical setting or at home using a phototherapy unit under the guidance of a healthcare provider. UVB light slows down the growth of skin cells and reduces inflammation. Regular sessions are usually needed to achieve and maintain improvement in psoriasis symptoms.
PUVA Therapy
PUVA therapy combines the use of a photosensitizing medication called psoralen with UVA light exposure. Psoralen can be taken orally or applied topically before UVA treatment. This therapy is effective in reducing inflammation and slowing down the rapid cell turnover of psoriatic skin. PUVA therapy is often reserved for individuals with severe psoriasis or those who have not responded well to other treatments. Regular monitoring of the eyes and skin is necessary, as it can increase the risk of skin aging and skin cancer.
Excimer Laser
The excimer laser is a targeted form of phototherapy that delivers a concentrated beam of UVB light to psoriasis plaques. This treatment is particularly useful for localized or resistant psoriasis. The excimer laser allows for precise targeting of affected areas, minimizing exposure to healthy skin. Multiple sessions are usually required to achieve desired results, and the treatment can be performed in a dermatologist’s office.
Oral Medications
Methotrexate
Methotrexate, as mentioned earlier, can be taken orally to treat psoriasis. The dosage and duration of treatment will vary based on the severity of the condition and the individual’s response to the medication. Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor liver function and other potential side effects.
Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine can also be taken orally to treat psoriasis, as mentioned previously. The dosage and duration of treatment will be determined by a healthcare provider based on the individual’s response to the medication and any potential side effects. Regular monitoring is required while taking cyclosporine.
Acitretin
Similarly, acitretin can be taken orally to treat psoriasis. The dosage and treatment duration will depend on the severity of the condition and the individual’s response to the medication. Women of childbearing age should be cautious and follow strict contraceptive measures.
Apremilast
Apremilast, as discussed earlier, is an oral medication that can be used for the treatment of psoriasis. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage instructions and give the medication time to take effect.
Biologic Therapies
TNF inhibitors
TNF inhibitors, such as adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab, are biologic medications that block the activity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). They are used to treat moderate to severe psoriasis and can provide significant improvement in symptoms. Regular monitoring for infections and other potential side effects is necessary while taking TNF inhibitors.
IL-17 inhibitors
IL-17 inhibitors, such as secukinumab, ixekizumab, and bimekizumab, target interleukin-17 (IL-17), a molecule involved in the inflammatory response. These medications can be used to treat moderate to severe psoriasis and can provide rapid and significant improvement in symptoms. Regular monitoring for infections and other potential side effects is necessary.
IL-23 inhibitors
IL-23 inhibitors, such as guselkumab, risankizumab, and tildrakizumab, target interleukin-23 (IL-23), which plays a role in the immune response. These medications are used to treat moderate to severe psoriasis and can provide long-lasting improvement in symptoms. Regular monitoring is required while taking IL-23 inhibitors.
IL-12/23 inhibitors
IL-12/23 inhibitors, such as ustekinumab, target both interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-23 (IL-23). These medications are used to treat moderate to severe psoriasis and can provide significant improvement in symptoms. Regular monitoring for infections and other potential side effects is necessary.
PDE4 inhibitors
PDE4 inhibitors, such as apremilast (mentioned earlier), target phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), an enzyme involved in the inflammatory response. Apremilast can be used as an oral medication to treat psoriasis. Regular monitoring is necessary while taking PDE4 inhibitors.
Combination Therapies
Topical + Phototherapy
Combining topical treatments with phototherapy can be an effective approach in managing psoriasis. This combination allows for targeting affected areas with topical medications while providing broader treatment through phototherapy. It can help reduce inflammation, slow down skin cell turnover, and relieve symptoms.
Topical + Systemic Medications
Combining topical treatments with systemic medications, such as methotrexate or cyclosporine, can provide a more comprehensive approach to psoriasis treatment. The topical medications target affected areas directly, while the systemic medications work throughout the body to reduce inflammation and suppress the overactive immune response.
Phototherapy + Systemic Medications
Combining phototherapy with systemic medications, such as methotrexate or cyclosporine, can enhance the therapeutic effects of both treatments. Phototherapy helps reduce inflammation and slow down skin cell turnover, while the systemic medications provide broader treatment throughout the body.
Biologic + Systemic Medications
Combining biologic therapies with systemic medications can be beneficial for individuals with moderate to severe psoriasis. Biologics specifically target molecules involved in the immune response, while systemic medications can provide additional support in reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system.
Natural Remedies
Aloe Vera
Aloe Vera, derived from the leaves of the Aloe plant, has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory and moisturizing effects, which can help soothe the symptoms of psoriasis. Aloe Vera gel or creams can be applied topically to affected areas for relief.
Fish Oil
Fish oil contains omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties. Consuming fish oil supplements or increasing the intake of fatty fish like salmon or mackerel in the diet may help reduce inflammation and alleviate psoriasis symptoms. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplements.
Turmeric
Turmeric contains an active compound called curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Adding turmeric to the diet or using it topically in the form of a paste or cream may help reduce inflammation and alleviate psoriasis symptoms. However, further research is needed to establish its effectiveness for psoriasis.
Dead Sea salt baths
Dead Sea salt baths have been used for centuries to relieve various skin conditions, including psoriasis. The high concentration of minerals in Dead Sea salt is believed to have therapeutic properties. Soaking in a bath with Dead Sea salt or using Dead Sea salt scrubs may help reduce scaling and inflammation associated with psoriasis.
Lifestyle Changes
Moisturization
Keeping the skin well-moisturized is an important aspect of managing psoriasis. Regularly applying moisturizers or emollients can help reduce dryness and scaling. Look for products that are fragrance-free and suitable for sensitive skin. Applying moisturizers immediately after bathing, while the skin is still damp, can help seal in the moisture.
Stress management
Stress can worsen psoriasis symptoms, so it is important to find healthy ways to manage stress. Engaging in activities like exercise, meditation, yoga, or pursuing hobbies can help reduce stress levels and promote overall well-being. It is also beneficial to develop a support system and seek professional help if needed.
Avoidance of triggers
Identifying and avoiding triggers that worsen psoriasis symptoms is important in managing the condition. Common triggers include stress, infections, certain medications, alcohol, smoking, and dry or cold weather. It may be helpful to keep a journal to track potential triggers and their effects on psoriasis symptoms.
Healthy diet and exercise
Maintaining a healthy diet and an active lifestyle can contribute to overall well-being and potentially improve psoriasis symptoms. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can provide essential nutrients for skin health. Regular exercise can help reduce stress, improve circulation, and boost the immune system.
Alternative Therapies
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese practice that involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body. Some individuals with psoriasis have reported improvement in their symptoms with acupuncture. However, more research is needed to determine its effectiveness and safety for psoriasis treatment.
Herbal remedies
Herbal remedies, such as Oregon grape, evening primrose oil, and milk thistle, have been used by some individuals with psoriasis to alleviate symptoms. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using herbal remedies, as they can interact with medications and may not be suitable for everyone.
Homeopathy
Homeopathy is a form of alternative medicine that uses highly diluted substances to stimulate the body’s healing response. Some homeopathic remedies have been used for psoriasis treatment, but scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited. Consultation with a qualified homeopathic practitioner is recommended.
Ayurveda
Ayurveda, an ancient system of traditional medicine from India, includes various herbal treatments, dietary modifications, and lifestyle practices for psoriasis management. Ayurvedic treatments should be undertaken under the guidance of a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner, as the effectiveness and safety of specific treatments may vary.
Clinical Trials
Experimental medications
Participating in clinical trials can provide access to experimental medications that are being tested for the treatment of psoriasis. These trials aim to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of new therapies. However, it is important to carefully consider the potential risks and benefits of participating in a clinical trial and consult with healthcare professionals.
New treatment approaches
Clinical trials also explore new treatment approaches for psoriasis, such as novel combination therapies, targeted therapies, or innovative delivery systems. These trials can offer individuals the opportunity to try promising new treatments that may provide better outcomes or fewer side effects. Consulting with healthcare providers and staying informed about ongoing trials can help individuals explore these options.